Chandrayaan-3 Lunar Mission: Journey Towards Moon’s South Pole

The Chandrayaan-3 mission has been making remarkable progress in its pursuit of landing on the Moon’s south pole, a feat never achieved before. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has been meticulously executing a series of maneuvers and operations to ensure a successful soft landing on the lunar surface. Let’s dive into the detailed timeline and updates of this ambitious mission.

Mission Timeline Highlights

The Chandrayaan 3 mission, aimed at soft landing on the Moon’s south pole, has been progressing steadily with a meticulously planned timeline of events:

• July 6: ISRO announces Mission Chandrayaan 3’s launch date as July 14 from Sriharikota’s second pad.
• July 7: Successful vehicle electrical tests completed.
• July 11: A comprehensive 24-hour ‘Launch Rehearsal’ simulating the entire launch process concludes.
• July 14: LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launches Chandrayaan 3 into its designated orbit.
• July 15: First orbit-raising maneuver successfully elevates Chandrayaan 3 to a 41762 km x 173 km orbit.
• July 17: Second orbit-raising maneuver places Chandrayaan 3 at a 41603 km x 226 km orbit.
• July 22: Fourth orbit-raising maneuver establishes the spacecraft in a 71351 km x 233 km orbit.
• July 25: Another successful orbit-raising maneuver.
• August 1: Chandrayaan 3 is inserted into a translunar orbit (288 km x 369328 km).
• August 5: Successful lunar orbit insertion (164 km x 18074 km).
• August 6: Lunar orbit lowered to 170 km x 4,313 km.
• August 9: ISRO carefully adjusts the spacecraft’s path lower in its orbit around the moon, achieving a lunar orbit of 174 km x 1437 km.
• August 14: Chandrayaan 3 gets closer to the moon’s surface in another controlled maneuver, bringing it into an orbit of 150 km x 177 km.
• August 16: The Indian spacecraft performs the fifth and final Moon-bound maneuver, positioning itself in a near circular Lunar orbit of 163 km x 153 km.
• August 17: The landing module, comprising the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover, gets separated from its propulsion system.
• August 18: The Chandrayaan 3 will make the final orbit adjustment by reducing it to be around 100 km x 30 km, the farthest and nearest points from the moon respectively.
• August 23: If everything goes well, the planned lunar touchdown attempt is scheduled for 5:47 pm, where the spacecraft will travel the last 30 km distance.

Chandrayaan-3’s Key Phases and Challenges

The Chandrayaan 3 mission is currently in its most critical phase, where the lander module undergoes a series of maneuvers to position itself for a soft landing. The lander, named Vikram, is tasked with reducing its speed and altering its direction to achieve a safe and precise lunar touchdown. The Vikram lander’s touchdown specifications and limits have been carefully calculated to ensure a successful landing:

• Landing craft maximum mass at lunar touchdown: 800 kg
• Vertical velocity: ≤ 2 m/sec
• Horizontal velocity: ≤ 0.5 m/sec
• Slope: ≤ 12 degrees

The next challenge lies in the successful execution of “deboosting,” a process of slowing down the lander to position it in an orbit that facilitates a soft landing. The Vikram lander will undergo a couple of deboosting maneuvers to achieve the desired orbit for its lunar touchdown attempt on August 23.

Chandrayaan 3 vs. Luna 25: A Lunar Race

As Chandrayaan 3 continues its journey towards a historic south pole landing, Russia’s Luna 25 spacecraft is also in the race to achieve a lunar touchdown. Luna 25, launched on August 11, aims to descend to one of three potential landing sites near the pole. While both missions are racing against time, their separate landing areas ensure they won’t interfere or collide with each other. Both missions mark significant achievements in lunar exploration and pave the way for enhanced scientific understanding of the Moon’s surface.

The Significance of the South Pole Landing

Landing on the Moon’s south pole holds immense scientific significance. Despite its challenging terrain, scientists believe the region could contain substantial amounts of ice, potentially useful for extracting fuel, oxygen, and even drinking water. The Chandrayaan 3 mission’s attempt to achieve a soft landing in this unexplored area reflects ISRO’s commitment to advancing lunar exploration and expanding our understanding of the Moon’s resources and environment.

Conclusion

The Chandrayaan 3 mission stands at a critical juncture, poised to achieve a historic soft landing on the Moon’s south pole. With meticulous planning, maneuver execution, and dedication from the ISRO team, India aims to create history by becoming the first to successfully touch down on this challenging lunar terrain. As we eagerly await the outcome of the lunar touchdown attempt, the mission underscores India’s growing prowess in space exploration and its commitment to unraveling the mysteries of the cosmos.

FAQs

1. What is Chandrayaan 3’s mission objective? Chandrayaan 3 aims to achieve a safe and soft landing on the Moon’s south pole, an area rich in scientific potential.
2. What challenges does the lander face during the descent? The lander faces the challenge of reducing speed, altering direction, and achieving a precise vertical descent for a soft landing.
3. How does Chandrayaan 3 compare to Luna 25? Both missions aim for lunar touchdowns, but in separate areas. Their separate landing sites ensure no interference or collision.
4. Why is the south pole landing significant? The south pole holds potential reserves of ice, crucial for various resources, making it a valuable target for exploration.
5. What’s next for Chandrayaan 3? The lander will undergo deboosting maneuvers to position itself for a soft landing attempt on August 23, marking a critical phase of the mission.